On different cultures and traditions Essay

From the selection of poems based on different cultures and traditions, compare and contrast any TWO that you find particularly interesting or enjoyable. (you must choose poems by different poets) ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ by Moniza Alvi, and ‘Search for my tongue’ by Sujata Bhatt, are two poems which I have selected from the selection of poems based on different cultures and traditions. I have selected these poems, because both poems are about one person who is recalling their homeland using objects and thoughts to explain, how much they overlook their homeland, including culture. Both poets have expressed their feelings deeply about their cultures and traditions, using things that they miss and want. For example, Moniza Alvi, in ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ uses clothes, jewellery, presents, etc†¦ to express who she is. Where as, Sujata Bhatt, in, ‘Search for my tongue’, uses her mother tongue, Gujarati, of how much she misses her homeland. Also, both cultures are quite alike, so it is very easy and understandable, for me, the reader, to read. In, the poem written by Moniza Alvi, she has used many words, which are said, exactly the same in Gujarati, and sometimes English. This shows the similarities in cultures. Here are some examples from the poem: * ‘They sent me a salwar kameez’ * ‘My aunts chose an apple-green sari’ As Moniza Alvi wrote her complete poem in English, together with the Indian words written as English. Sujata Bhatt wrote half in English and half in Gujarati, but under each line there was a translation in English of how to read it for people who cannot read Gujarati. So, what both poets are trying to state is that, it does not matter if you are not in your own country, even if you are absent from your homeland, your culture will always stay with you, no matter what. Even though the two poems are similar in most ways, these poems differ from each other in some ways. Firstly, Moniza Alvi’s poem, ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ is based on a young girl, who feels as if she is the odd one out, as she is living in England, but wears and acts as if she was in Pakistan. However in Sujata Bhatt’s poem, ‘Search for my tongue’, she is saying how she thought, by living in a different country, than her homeland, she would forget all mother tongue and everything about her culture. A further variation, between the two poems, is that one poem is written all in English, where as the other is written half in English and half in Gujarati. Also, the poet Moniza Alvi has set out her poem in different stanzas, and sometimes she has started the beginning of a line half way through, away from the margin. Another thing is that, she carries sentences into the next lines. While Sujata Bhatt, just wrote her poem in one long stanza. All of her lines were short and simple, and each line was linked to the next, in some way, or another. Finally, another difference is that, the first poet used objects to help the reader understand the poem; where as poet two used her mother tongue, Gujarati. The poet called Moniza Alvi wrote ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’. ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ is about a young girl who receives all types of presents, from her aunts in Pakistan. Most of these presents are things that are only, mostly worn in Pakistan. After receiving these gifts, she feels that she is very different from everyone else surrounding her, like friends from school. This is cause she dresses differently to others. This makes her feel kind of uncomfortable, because, even though she really likes these presents from her aunts, she sometimes feels, that she would like to look the same as the rest of her mates. Moniza Alvi’s poem is mainly showing her feelings to us by using the presents given to her, as examples. ‘ I longed for denim and corduroy. My costume clung to me and I was aflame, I couldn’t rise up out of its fire, half-English, unlike Aunt Jamila.’ ‘My salwar kameez didn’t impress the schoolfriend who sat on my bed, asked to see my weekend clothes.’ Above were two examples, which showed part of her feelings. In these two stanzas, it shows how she really felt, and what she actually wished for, or wanted. Moniza Alvi has set this poem, ‘Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan’ in England, because it is a perfect example of a foreign country, for Pakistan to be compared to. Also, the setting of a poem is very important, as it is the main scene of the poem. Another thing is that, as the poem is set in England, it helps me, the reader to understand what is happening. I also think that England was a terrific idea to set the setting, because in England there are many different types of people, which have come from other countries. This poem shows an example of a normal muslim family, which live in an area which they very familiar with, but like to carry on living as they would in Pakistan. I felt, after reading this poem a couple of times, that there is not one particular mood set to this poem, but there is a mixture of moods. I found that, in some cases Moniza Alvi was showing a sense of sadness, in the atmosphere, but tried to make herself feel happy, by changing the subject slightly. Where as in some cases she showed a lot of happiness and pleasure in the atmosphere. An example of her sadness changing, slightly into happiness is, ‘ Candy-striped glass bangles snapped, drew blood. Like at school, fashions changed in Pakistan-‘ At first, when I was reading this poem, I felt that she was so happy, but as I got nearly half way through the poem, I felt that this happiness was now changing into sadness, and, this is where her true feelings started to come out. ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ is the type of poem which, when reading it, has to be read in different tones of voice. I thought that this poem went from being very settle, to, something, which was quite serious, to a child no a days. ‘Search for tongue’, written by Sujata Bhatt, is about a young lady who thinks, that, by living in a different country she will forget all her homeland, cultures and traditions. Especially her mother tongue, Gujarati. In this poem she is saying that, she thought that each person had a different tongue, for each different language they speak. And that she thought she had lost her tongue forever. But one night, she says that her language comes back to her in her sleep. Sujata Bhatt explains, in Gujarati, how your language is like a flower, which just blooms in your mouth, naturally. The main theme of this poem, I think, is that no matter where you live, your traditions and cultures, especially mother tongue, will stay with you. ‘Search for my tongue’ is similar to ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’. The two poems are connected mainly by religion. The following point about the two poems is probably half a similarity, and half a difference, from my point of view. Firstly, Moniza Alvi has written her poem in English, but for the gujarati words, she has written them, so that the word is said in gujarati, but read in English, where as Sujata Bhatt has actually written part of her stanza in gujarati, but to help the reader read the gujarati, she has, underneath written the word in English, so it is written in English, but said in gujarati. The tone of this poem is sort of the opposite of the first poem, as ‘Search for my tongue’ is like a question, answer poem, as she asks a question, through her poem, but does not actually want you to answer it. Below is an example of my question, answer theory, from the poem, ‘I ask you, what would you do if you had two tongues in your mouth,’ ‘Search for my tongue’ is set in Sujata Bhatt’s dream. This is where she is explaining how; she thinks everything has come back to her, through a dream. Also, the mood of this poem is quite different to the first as, this entire poem is filled with enjoyment, and happiness, where as the first poem was a happy feeling poem, hidden with sadness. From these points mentioned, there are many differences between the two. To begin with, one poem was set in their dreams, as the other was set in England. Secondly, the first poem was all about a young child feeling really upset, and different, where as the second poem is about a young lady, thinking she has lost an important part of her, but has it all along. ‘Presents from my aunts in Pakistan’ was written in first person. As the poem was written in first person, it made me, the reader to understand the poem, quite easily. Because if the same poem was written in second or third person, it would be very difficult for the reader to understand it. It would also become very confusing, where as, this way everything is short and simple. In the first poem, Moniza Alvi has used many adjectives to describe all the gifts she has received. This helps, me, the reader to picture the image in my mind. From doing this, it helps give a better understanding of what the poet is talking about. Below are a few examples of, Moniza Alvi describing her clothes, which she received.

What are computer viruses and how do they work?

A computer virus is nothing but a programme that is built to â€Å"infect† other programs by making certain changes in that programme that render it unable to perform its designated function.During this procedure of ‘infection’, the virus also self perpetuates, in that it makes many copies of itself, so that it can then further infect other programmes, much like the viral infections that affect human beings.Surprisingly, there is so much similarity between the tow, in that during the replication process the copies are made exactly like the original, with no posttranslational modifications.Depending on what the virus was created to do, it can either delete the programmes it infects, or it can make it completely useless, and may itself turn it into an ‘infecting’ programme also.Major categories of viruses are1 Parasitic virus:   these are the most common form of virus, it attaches itself to executable files and replicates when the infected program is executed.2 Memory-resident virus: this virus attacks the main cache memory of the system, and gains access to all the programmes that are executed.3 Boot sector virus: this virus infects the boot segment, and then infects all the files that are executed from the disc4 Stealth virus: like the stealth machine, is virtually immune from anti virus softwares5 Polymorphic virus: after each infection, the virus changes its character, thus making cleaning or treatment very difficult6 Metamorphic virus: unlike the previous, the virus completely changes itself after every infection. .In the lifetime of the virus, a number of phases have been identified that allow the identification and possible clean up of the virus.1 Dormant phase: virus is not attacking in this phase. It waits for a specific trigger for which it has been programmed. It may be a particular date or a specific programme that is required. These are specific viruses, while not all viruses have been programmed to follow this phas e2   Propagation phase: virus makes multiple copies of itself to infect many files at the same time. Thus the virus may enter the files or the system areas itself.3 Triggering phase: the virus gets its signal to become activated. Having received its signal, it then assumes a position from which it can attack easily.4 Execution phase: this is the final step, when the virus actually performs the step it was made to do. Thus the virus may delete the file, make the programme corrupt, make multiple copies of itself, or whatever it was programmed to perform.Viruses are operating system specific and some even only attack specific hardwares. For example the linux operating system has not yet faced a virus attack, while the microsoft system is continuously batting many virus attacks, even the apple OS is not immune from these attacksAnother identity is a worm. This is a program that can replicate itself (like a virus), but it has the additional ability to send copies from one computer to a nother computer across network connections, via e-mails or VPN systemsReferances1 Heidari M. Malicious Codes in Depth. Accessed from   www.securitydocs.com. on 13 June, 20082 Brain M. How computer viruses worl. Accessed from www.howstuffworks.com/virus.htm on 13 June, 2008

Fish Out of Water Essay

Every person has grown up adhering to specific set of standards, traditions and rules of conduct. People also conform to the underlying system and mandates of the society. These characteristics define the culture of the person; however, people do not follow a single culture with its set of laws and standards. Every person has its own cultural characteristics because each individual is reared in different societies with its own embedded culture and traditions. The difference in culture is often referred to as cultural relativism which means that every culture is equal and no culture is superior to others. Every culture has its own set of â€Å"systems of morality, law and politics† (â€Å"Cultural Relativism – Illogical Standard†). It is believed that every culture is valid and equal. Cultural relativism attempts to explain that the various aspects of culture such as religion, ethics, aesthetic and beliefs are subjective and largely depends on the individual within a particular cultural identity (â€Å"Cultural Relativism – Illogical Standard†). Given that each individual has grown up within a defined set of culture, there will be a point in a person’s life that he or she will experience being somehow out of place when put in a different crowd with new set of people. This may be called as a â€Å"fish out of water’ sensation. This means that a person feels uncomfortable with the surroundings and activities going on. We tend to experience this kind of feeling around people who are unknown to us, especially when hindered with a lot of communication and cultural barriers. An example of a fish out of water experience is attending a wedding ceremony conducted in pattern of a different culture. I was once invited in a wedding of my colleague who married a person from another culture. Unfortunately, the groom is the only person I knew in the whole crowd. He married a Korean and they followed a Korean wedding ceremony. It was a very uncomfortable situation for me because the Korean culture is very different from western culture and tradition. The two countries are separated by hundreds of miles of land and ocean and located at both ends of the world. Korean wedding is really a weird thing for me. First, Korean weddings mean joining of two families instead of two individuals, so most Korean weddings are composed of families of various generations. I was therefore intimidated to mingle with other people, especially to the members of the Korean families while my colleague is largely participating on the ceremony. Korea is a unified country and its people tend to look alike, think alike and act alike. There is strength in the people of Korea. Koreans may be residing in the United States and somehow follow some of the western trends. But they have retained some of the important rites and tradition of their culture. Koreans are also individuals from the eastern hemisphere where people are not so liberal. People tend to be conservative and sensitive on some issues unlike westerners that are open-minded and can cope with every type of conversation. Some issues are still taboo to Koreans. Issues of gender and sexuality are only some of the issues that Koreans are quite sensitive with. Communication is also a barrier and makes me feel more of the â€Å"fish out of the water. † Problems in communication and relating with others are some of the encountered problems in being out of place in an event or situation. Some people are having difficulty relating to others, especially those who belong to another culture. Cultural diversity is also characterized by difference in communication styles and attributes. The experience really tested my communication skills. First, I do not know anyone but the groom and he was busy on the ceremony. Starting a conversation is a little awkward for me because I do not want to offend people on something that I would say. There are only a few white men who attended the wedding and interrupting their on-going conversation may be rude and awkward. Most of the attendees are Koreans which have a different communication style. Koreans are quite covert and have the tendency of not showing themselves to others. In short, they are not initiators of conversation and communication with other people. Their actions are also firm and delicate and they move with grace. Language differences may also be a problem. Some of them speak native Korean language that may hinder our understanding of one another. It is quite hard to initiate a conversation with people from different cultural identity for the fear of misunderstanding and conflict. They also have their personal beliefs that they may be sensitive about. Intimidation is also a problem in starting interpersonal communication with other people. Fish out of water sensation is a feeling that a person may feel while dealing with events and situations where they feel different and deviant. However, overcoming this feeling is quite easy. First, you will never really get to know people when you do not approach them. Communication is always the key, along with politeness and respect. Overcoming this particular feeling in events that may make you feel uncomfortable will provide a good opportunity to learn other cultures, traditions and practices that may be helpful for you in relating with people of the same cultural identity the next time you encounter them. It will also be a good opportunity to become knowledgeable in intercultural communication which is vital in today’s global society. Work Cited â€Å"Cultural Relativism – Illogical Standard. † 2009. Cultural-Relativism. com. 26 March 2009 .

Non-Democratic Regimes Theory, Government and Politic by Paul Brooker Essay

Non-Democratic Regimes Theory, Government and Politic by Paul Brooker - Essay Example The writer has purposefully endeavored to reveal a chronological discussion as regards the theoretical analysis of the evolution and development of the non-democratic form of government, significances, failure, consequences, and contribution in the development of political thought. The effort has also been made to compare democracy with those non-democratic regimes. The presentation of the book is well-organized; language usage is lucid and legible and comfort reading. The whole book has been covered by 10 chapters dealing with every issue of a non-democratic regime. The subject matter of the book is easily accessible. Commendably, for the conveniences and a better understanding of the readers, the author has supplied relevant data, figures, and tables which have made an impressive discussion. Anyone with a perusal can easily understand the contents of the book and identify the core purposes of the author inviting the readers to a thoughtful discussion in order to face the ground-rea lity through earning some practical knowledge. The 20th century has witnessed tremendous shifts in the governance portfolios. A large part of First half of the last century has experienced the advent of totalitarianism embodying fascism, Nazism, and communism in German, Italy, Eastern Europe, Russia, and China. In 1920s-1930s totalitarianism for the first time developed in Nazi German and Fascist Italy. With the growing popularity of communism, the concept was reintroduced in the western political thought in the 1950s in Russia, Eastern Europe and even in China. The dominance and wider acceptance of totalitarianism regime in 1960s-1970s were more than democracy and seemed as if totalitarianism could be the predominant state philosophy in the coming days. The period between the end of Second World War and the opening of 1970 era is marked by the military dictatorship.

Position Paper (Health Law M7) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Position Paper (Health Law M7) - Assignment Example In my position paper I look at how a balance can be stricken between rights of patients and the often necessary practical needs of the medical community. One well documented practice where abuse of patients may arise yet is very necessary for the practical training of medical surgeons is ghost surgery. In ghost surgery, the contracting physician is not the actual one performing the procedure on the patient and sometimes procedure may be performed by physicians who are students of surgery. The phenomenon takes place in other settings of medical care provision to patients such as radiology and laboratory testing. The patient may or may not suffer as a result of ghost surgery but the fact remains his contract was violated as the service was offered a person different from whom the contract was signed with. Training needs of medical doctors are also an equally important element for the sake future surgeons and physicians. In the Tunki cases, the court ruled California court ruled in favour of the Regents of University of California largely on the grounds of the important research work that the university is engaged in through its medical centre. By the mere fact the patient knowingly submitted himself to the facility understanding it selectively accepts patients from the public for medical care as part of their research efforts and thus waiver of negligence was the appropriate ruling. Ruling in favour of the complainant would have diverted funds meant for research into payment of claims. In this case the bigger research needs override that single patient’s rights to care and in effect life. In the case of Shorter her death was largely due to her faith with is supposed to be respected by the doctor yet it posed risk to her own life and buy the doctor not abusing her rights it amounts to negligence. Her best interest in the circumstance was

Deaf Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deaf Reflection - Coursework Example I feel that the teachers ought to protect the deaf students. This is because they better understood the deaf student than any other person did. There was no register for the deaf in the country, therefore; the authorities would not have accounted for any deaf student missing (Biesold 143). I feel disappointed with some Nazi educationalist. I believe that educationalist can understand the right of every child and the importance of education. I get disappointed when some Nazi educationalist questioned the education of the deaf, terming it as wasteful, instead of enlightening the officials to promote the deaf education. Doctors terminated pregnancies to prevent the birth of deaf children (Biesold 144). It is beyond anyone’s control not to give birth to a deaf child. Doctors ought to understand this fact more than anyone else does. I feel horrified to learn that doctors risked the lives of the mother and their unborn child by performing an abortion of six months! The doctors were not sure that the unborn child is deaf. This practice was unfair and uncalled for, bringing pain and misery n the lives of the expecting mothers and their families (Biesold 145). Many deaf couples do not have children. This has made their lives unbearable and lonely. The horrific and sinister turns of events of 1939 were unbearable. Nazi authority killed deaf persons (Biesold 145). The authority referred to them as ‘useless eaters’. I feel that the government instead of referring to any person as, ‘useless’ they should at least show concern because it is not for their wish to be born in that condition. A government should protect her citizen and Nazi government should have stood to their initial policy of protecting and providing for their citizen (Biesold 146).

PROJECT DEFINITION (Final project) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

PROJECT DEFINITION (Final project) - Essay Example The original purpose of the phone conversation was to discuss a possible licensing agreement. However, their conversation led to a discussion of competitive strategy and the idea of a merger between the two companies was broached. (Hoopes, 2004). By next month, all the basics of the deal were formulated and by September first week, the merger was approved by both boards. The merger was expected to yield savings projected to reach $2.5 billion annually by 2004. (Hoopes, 2004). To identify the strategic management issues that arose out at Compaq and Hewlett-Packard respectively in the lead up to the merger in 2001, and the changes in strategic management that resulted after the merger within the newly merged operation. Although Compaq was growing at a good rate as an independent corporation in the server market and retail PCs, as part of strategic management policy it wanted to expand its reach, particularly in the consulting arena. As an important step towards its transition as a consulting power providing corporate solutions, Compaq and its CEO Michael Cappellas utilized the offer put forward by Carly Fiorina. â€Å"Compaq, which has a global services division of almost 40,000 employees, is moving strategically towards IT business solutions in the key markets, where together with HP, they can compete effectively against IBM, Dell, and Sun.† (Cormia, 2002). As Compaq had a strong strategic management policy of expansion into the consulting arena, the merger was the best feasible option for them. HP wanted to include PC assembling and retailing in its ‘resume’ and thereby become a full-service technology company. A full service technology company who can do all the IT related works and thereby take on the leaders Dell and IBM. â€Å"Fiorina argued, the merger would create a full-service technology firm capable of doing everything from selling PCs and printers to setting up